While there are many people in the area who long for a more modern lifestyle, some – like the saleros – cannot easily part with their old profession and their connection to the land. As the mining operation grows in size, the new infrastructure it comes with – including electrical lines, water pipelines and paved roads – are transforming the region, aiding other industries including tourism.

The discovery of lithium has caused a societal split in Bolivia, particularly in the communities bordering the Salar. President Evo Morales has said the value of lithium is the “hope of humanity”. As the demand for lithium-ion batteries continues to grow, commentators have asked if Bolivia could become “the Saudi Arabia of lithium”. The lightest metal on the periodical table is used in batteries for mobile phones, laptops and electric cars. But today, the profession is on the brink of extinction as Bolivia is steadily modernising and new sources of income are taking over.Ībout half of the world’s reserves of lithium are buried beneath the Salar. For generations, local salt gatherers – or “saleros” – have extracted salt from the Bolivian flat, scooping the raw mineral into mounds to let it dry before it is transported to processing plants and turned into table salt.

Salar de Uyuni is the world’s largest salt flat.

Largest salt flat